第两百一十七章 西康空军

法国人认为世界最早的飞机是由法国人克雷芒·阿德尔发明<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>于1890年10月9日在法国试飞成功<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>部分人认为他发明了历史上第一架飞机<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>

美国人认为飞机的发明者是美国人莱特兄弟<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>于1903年12月17日在美国试飞成功<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>

巴西人认为是巴西人阿尔贝托·桑托斯·杜蒙特发明了飞机<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>1906年10月12日桑托斯-杜蒙特的“14　bis”飞机成功地飞至60米高空是世界上第一次成功的动力飞行<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>之前的飞行并没有达到真正意义上“飞”的标准<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>

1903年美国莱特兄弟设计制造的飞机进行了成功的飞行<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>这是世界上首次实现重于空气的航空器的有动力、可操纵的飞行<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>第一次世界大战中<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>飞机已用于作战<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>当时飞机的速度已达180～220千米/时<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>升限6000～7000米<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>航程400～450千米<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>轰炸机载弹量1000～2000千克<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>

初期的飞机都使用的是单台发动机<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>在飞行中<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>常常会出现发动机突然关车的故障<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>这对飞行安全始终是个威胁<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>1911年<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>英国的肖特兄弟申请了多台发动机设计的专利<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>他们的双发动机系统<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>能使每一个飞行员都不用担心因发动机停车而使飞机下降<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>这在航空安全方面是一个重大的进展<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>人们把按照肖特专利制造的第一架飞机称为“3·2”型飞机<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>这个名字告诉人们<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>这种飞机装有3副螺旋桨<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>2台发动机<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>这种飞机还装有两套飞行操纵机构<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>因此<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>两名驾驶员都能操纵飞机而不必换座位<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>

1903年12月17日莱特兄弟驾驶他们制造的飞行器员进行首次持续的、有动力的、可操纵的飞行<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>

1915年12月<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>德国的容克制造了一架全金属飞机<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>该飞机使用的是薄薄的罐头盒铁皮制作而成<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>并非现在的铝合金材料<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>所以这架飞机被戏称为“驴罐头”<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>

1927年至1932年中<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>座舱仪表和领航设备的研制取得进展<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>陀螺技术应用到飞行仪表上<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>这个装在万向支架上的旋转飞轮能够在空间保持定向<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>于是成为引导驾驶员能在黑暗中、雨雪天中飞行的各种导航仪表的基础<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>这时飞机中就出现了人工地平仪<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>它能向飞行员指示飞机所处的飞行高度；陀螺磁罗盘指示器<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>在罗盘上刻有度数<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>可随时显示出航向的变化；地磁感应罗盘<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>它不受飞机上常常带有的大量铁质东西的影响<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949130058.png)'></span>也不受振动和地球磁场的影响<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>这些仪表以灵敏度高、能测出离地30多米的高度表和显示飞机转弯角速度的转弯侧滑仪<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>此外还有指示空中航线的无线电波束<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>都是用来引导驾驶员通过模糊不清的大气层时的手段<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>

飞行仿真器又称飞行模拟器<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>它是一种可以在地面模仿飞机的飞行状态<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>1930年<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>美国人埃德温·林克发明了第一个飞行仿真器<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>并且以自己名字命名为“林克练习器”<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>尽管它存在着技术上的缺陷<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>但是<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>它已经体现了不使用真实飞机就能安全、经济地反复进行紧急状态动作训练的优点<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>如今现在的飞机模拟器已经由计算机、模拟驾驶舱、运动系统、操纵负载系统和视景系统等组成<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>是现代航空科研、教学、试验等不能缺少的技术设备<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>

20世纪30年代后期<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>活塞驱动的螺旋桨飞机的最大平飞时速已达到700公里<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>俯冲时已接近音速<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>音障的问题日益突出<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>前苏、英、美、德、意等国大力开展了喷气发动机的研究工作<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>德国设计师<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>奥安在新型发动机研制上最早取得成功<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>1934年奥安获得离心型涡轮喷气发动机专利<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>

王九龄虽然不懂飞机<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>但是知道飞机的重要性<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>后世让一个国家投降甚至可以用飞机炸到他们投降<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513574/12786725/577811133949114948.png)'></span>

王九龄要求所有的军官读杜黑的《制空权》<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>不管是空军、海军还是陆军<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>王九龄都必须让他们了解飞机的厉害<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>对飞机重视起来<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550072811.png)'></span>

世界大战<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>日本侵华战争马上就要爆发<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>中**队要是不懂的空军的重要性<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>只能被动挨打<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>没有制空权<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>在强悍不畏死的军队也注定要失败<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550072811.png)'></span>

西康军的军队<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>现在拥有空军八千人<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>战斗机三百架<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>轰炸机200架<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>100架运输机<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>这些飞机有一百多架是外购的<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>剩下的四百多架飞机是西康仿制的<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>当然还做了适当的改进<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>比如现在很多外国的飞机还是木头的比较多或者是金属和木板搭配<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550072811.png)'></span>

王九龄这里的空军绝对是从零开始<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550121189.png)'></span>买了飞机是请龙云的飞行员帮忙训练<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>后来慢慢招收研发人员<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>当然是去国外<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>尤其是美国<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>先是国家大义<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>民族复兴<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>后又是承诺将会尽最大的努力支持他们研发飞机<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550072811.png)'></span>

这个年代的海外华人华侨留样海外就是为了寻找富国强兵的方法<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>王九龄的名字他们知道<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>可以说是个大名人了<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>也知道王九龄是什么样的人<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>很多人开始还是想去南京政府的<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>毕竟那里是中央<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>但是还是在西康人员的努力下<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>决定先来西康看看<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550072811.png)'></span>

在他们了解了一番西康的发展之后大多数人都决定留在西康<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>他们成为飞机厂的主力<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>另外王九龄还从没有回国的德国人当中寻找了一批对飞机有认识的机械专家和金属专家一起来研究飞机<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>尽管他们之前只是从书上或者听说过飞机的工艺<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>但是比起连听说都没听说过的西康其他人<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>强大多了<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>何况他们懂得金属、机械<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>相信知道什么机器结构比较好<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>什么样的金属比较轻<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>就算西康现在搞不出来<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>以后也可以有个研发的方向<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550072811.png)'></span>

就这样西康的飞机厂很快就成立了<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>并且拆解了王九龄所有能搞到的战斗机、轰炸机、运输机<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>经过一系列的研究<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>研发了一款：“白起式战斗机”和“白起式轰炸机”<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>还有“白起式运输机”<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>从性能上来讲不是世界最先进的<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>但是比起他们的前身要好的多<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513584/12786725/1869781279852168834.png)'></span>这机器上<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513589/12786725/-7861653090326543857.png)'></span>王九龄大量使用的金属<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513589/12786725/-7861653090326543857.png)'></span>还好这个时期的飞机仿制等等都不难<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513589/12786725/-7861653090326543857.png)'></span>难道是突破他们<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513589/12786725/-7861653090326543857.png)'></span>和发动机的研制<span class='character' style='background-image:url(/img/1349134513579/12786725/-9151371436550072811.png)'></span>